IPC Anti-Doping Code. Glossary

ADAMS 
The   Anti-Doping   Administration   and   Management System is a Web-based database management tool for data entry, storage, sharing, and reporting designed to assist stakeholders and WADA in their Anti-Doping operations in conjunction with data protection legislation.

Adverse  Analytical Finding
A report from a laboratory or other WADA-approved entity that, consistent with the International Standard for Laboratories and related Technical Documents identifies in a Sample the presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers (including elevated quantities of endogenous substances) or evidence of the Use of a Prohibited Method.

Anti-Doping Organization (ADO)
A Signatory of the WADC that is responsible for adopting rules for initiating, implementing or enforcing any part of the Doping Control process. This includes, for example, the IPC, IOC, other major Event organizations that conduct Testing at their Events, WADA, IPSFs, NPCs and National Anti-Doping Organizations.

Athlete
Any Person who participates in Sport at the international level (as defined by the IPC or each International Federation), the national level (as defined by each National Anti-Doping Organization, including but not limited to those Persons in its Registered Testing Pool), and any other competitor in Sport who is otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of any Signatory or other Sports organization accepting the Code. All provisions of the Code, including, for example, Testing and Therapeutic Use Exemptions, must be applied to international- and national-level competitors. Some National Anti-Doping Organizations may elect to test and apply Anti-Doping rules to recreational-level or masters competitors who are not current or potential national caliber competitors. National Anti-Doping Organizations are not required, however, to apply all aspects of the Code to such Persons. Specific national rules may be established for Doping Control for noninternational- level or non-national-level competitors without being in conflict with the Code. Thus, a country could elect to test recreational-level competitors but not require Therapeutic use Exemptions or whereabouts information. In the same manner, a Major Event Organization holding an Event only for masterslevel competitors could elect to test the competitors but not require advance Therapeutic use Exemptions or whereabouts information. For purposes of Article 3.8 (Administration or Attempted Administration) and for purposes of Anti-Doping information and education, any Person who participates in Sport under the authority of any Signatory, government, or other Sports organization accepting the Code is an Athlete. [Comment: This definition makes it clear that all internationaland national-caliber Athletes are subject to the Anti-Doping rules of the Code, with the precise definitions of international- and national-level Sport to be set forth in the Anti-Doping rules of the International Federations and National Anti-Doping Organizations, respectively. At the national level, Anti-Doping rules adopted pursuant to the Code shall apply, at a minimum, to all persons on national teams and all persons qualified to compete in any national championship in any Sport. That does not mean, however, that all such Athletes must be included in a National Anti- Doping Organization’s Registered Testing Pool. The definition also allows each National Anti-Doping Organization, if it chooses to do so, to expand its Anti-Doping Programme beyond national-caliber Athletes to competitors at lower levels of Competition. Competitors at all levels of Competition should receive the benefit of Anti-Doping information and education.]

Athlete Support Personnel
Any coach, trainer, manager, agent, Team staff, official, medical para-medical personnel, parent or any other Person working with, treating or assisting an Athlete participating in or preparing for Sports Competition.

Attempt
Purposely engaging in conduct that constitutes a substantial step in a course of conduct planned to culminate in the commission of an Anti-Doping Rule Violation. Provided, however, there shall be no Anti- Doping Rule Violation based solely on an Attempt to commit a violation if the Person renunciates the Attempt prior to it being discovered by a third party not involved in the Attempt.

Atypical Finding
A report from a laboratory or other WADA-approved entity which requires further investigation as provided by the International Standard for Laboratories or related Technical Documents prior to the determination of an Adverse Analytical Finding.

CAS
The Court of Arbitration for Sport.

Code
The IPC Anti-Doping Code.

Competition
A single race, match, game or singular athletic contest. For example, a basketball game or the finals of the Olympic 100-meter race in athletics. For stage races and other athletic contests where prizes are awarded on a daily or other interim basis the distinction between a Competition and an Event will be as provided in the rules of the applicable International Federation.

Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations
An Athlete's or other Person's violation of an Anti- Doping rule may result in one or more of the following: (a) Disqualification means the Athlete’s Results in a particular Competition or Event are invalidated, with all resulting Consequences including forfeiture of any medals, points and prizes; (b) Ineligibility means the Athlete or other Person is barred for a specified period of time from participating in any Event or other activity or funding as provided in Article 10.10; and (c) Provisional Suspension means the Athlete or other Person is barred temporarily from participating in any Competition prior to the final decision at a hearing conducted under Article 8 (Hearings).

Disqualification (Disqualified)
See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations.

Doping Control
All steps and processes from test distribution planning through to ultimate disposition of any appeal including all steps and processes in between such as provision of whereabouts information, Sample collection and handling, laboratory analysis, Therapeutic use Exemptions, results management and hearings.

Event
A series of individual Competitions conducted together under one ruling body (e.g., the Paralympic Games, FINA World Championships, or Parapan American Games).

Event Period
The time between the beginning and end of an Event, as established by the ruling body of the Event.

In-Competition
Unless provided otherwise in the rules of an International Federation or other relevant Anti-Doping Organization, “In-Competition” means the period commencing twelve hours before a Competition in which the Athlete is scheduled to participate through the end of such Competition and the Sample collection process related to such Competition.

Independent Observer Programme
A team of observers, under the supervision of WADA, who observe and may provide guidance on the Doping Control process at certain Events and report on their observations.

Individual Sport
Any Sport that is not a Team Sport.

Internal Appeal
An Appeal, conducted by the IPC, lodged due to a decision taken as a result of an Expedited Hearing.

Internal Appeal Hearing
Hearing held as a result of an Internal Appeal with or without the requirement for a B Sample Analysis.

Ineligibility
See Consequences of Anti-Doping Rules Violations. IPC International Paralympic Committee.

IPC Anti-Doping Committee
The Committee responsible for establishing policies, guidelines and procedures with respect to the fight against doping, including Results management and compliance with internationally accepted regulations, including the WADC.

IPC Anti-Doping Committee Chairperson
A Person appointed by the IPC Governing Board as Chairperson of the IPC Anti-Doping Committee.

IPC Governing Board
The IPC Governing Board is the representative of the IPC Membership, elected at the General Assembly. The IPC Governing Board is responsible for overseeing the affairs of the IPC in between meetings of the IPC General Assembly.

IPC Medical & Scientific Director
A Person employed by the IPC with responsibilities for the IPC Medical & Scientific Department.

IPC Therapeutic Use Exemption Committee (TUEC)
The Body designated by the IPC Governing Board to assess all Therapeutic Use Exemptions.

International Event
An Event where the IPC, IOC, an IPSF, a Major Event Organization, or another international Sport organization is the ruling body for the Event or appoints the technical officials for the Event.

International- Level Athlete
Athletes designated by one or more International Federations as being in the Registered Testing Pool for an International Federation.

International Paralympic Sports Federation (IPSF)
The governing body of a Sport on the Paralympic Programme.

International Standard
A standard adopted by WADA in support of the WADC. Compliance with an International Standard (as opposed to another alternative standard, practice or procedure) shall be sufficient to conclude that the procedures addressed by the International Standard were performed properly. International Standards shall include any Technical Documents issued pursuant to the International Standard.

Major Event Organizations
The continental associations of National Paralympic Committees and other international multi-Sport organizations that function as the ruling body for any continental, regional or other International Event.

Marker
A compound, group of compounds or biological parameter(s) that indicates the Use of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

Metabolite
Any substance produced by a biotransformation process.

Minor
A natural Person who has not reached the age of majority as established by the applicable laws of his or her country of residence.

National Anti- Doping Organization
The entity(ies) designated by each country as possessing the primary authority and responsibility to adopt and implement Anti-Doping rules, direct the collection of Samples, the management of test Results, and the conduct of hearings, all at the national level. This includes an entity which may be designated by multiple countries to serve as a regional Anti-Doping Organization for such countries. If this designation has not been made by the competent public authority(ies), the entity shall be the country's National Paralympic Committee or its designee.

National Event
A Sport Event involving international- or national-level Athletes that is not an International Event.

National Paralympic Committee (NPC)
The organization recognized by the IPC as the national governing body for Athletes with a disability.

No Advance Notice
A Doping Control which takes place with no advance warning to the Athlete and where the Athlete is IPC Anti-Doping Code - January 2009 Page 66 of 69 continuously chaperoned from the moment of notification through Sample provision.

No Fault or Negligence
The Athlete's establishing that he or she did not know or suspect, and could not reasonably have known or suspected even with the exercise of utmost caution, that he or she had used or been administered the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

No Significant Fault or Negligence
The Athlete's establishing that his or her Fault or Negligence, when viewed in the totality of the circumstances and taking into account the criteria for No Fault or Negligence, was not significant in relationship to the Anti-Doping Rule Violation.

Out-of- Competition
Any Doping Control which is not In-Competition.

Paralympic Games
The Paralympic Games represent the peak moment of each quadrennial Sports cycle for Paralympic Athletes and constituents of the Paralympic Movement. They form the ultimate goal to which national, regional and world championships and other Competitions lead up to.

Participant
Any Athlete or Athlete Support Personnel.

Person
A natural Person or an organization or other entity.

Possession
The actual, physical Possession, or the constructive Possession (which shall be found only if the Person has exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists). Provided, however, that if the Person does not have exclusive control over the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method or the premises in which a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method exists, constructive Possession shall only be found if the Person knew about the presence of the Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method and intended to exercise control over it. Provided, however, there shall be no Anti-Doping Rule Violation based solely on Possession if, prior to receiving notification of any kind that the Person has committed an Anti-Doping Rule Violation, the Person has taken concrete action demonstrating that the Person never intended to have Possession and has renounced Possession by explicitly declaring it to an Anti-Doping Organization. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this definition, the purchase (including by any electronic or other means) of a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method constitutes Possession by the Person who makes the purchase. [Comment: Under this definition, steroids found in an Athlete's car would constitute a violation unless the Athlete establishes that someone else used the car; in that Event, the Anti-Doping Organization must establish that, even though the Athlete did not have exclusive control over the car, the Athlete knew about the steroids and intended to have control over the steroids. Similarly, in the example of steroids found in a home medicine cabinet under the joint control of an Athlete and spouse, the Anti-Doping Organization must establish that the Athlete knew the steroids were in the cabinet and that the Athlete intended to exercise control over the steroids.]

Prohibited List
The WADC List identifying the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods.

Prohibited Method
Any method so described on the Prohibited List.

Prohibited Substance
Any substance so described on the Prohibited List.

Publicly Disclose
To disseminate or distribute information to the general public or Persons beyond those Persons entitled to earlier notification in accordance with Article 14.

Registered Testing Pool
The pool of top level Athletes established separately by the IPC, each International Federation and National Anti-Doping Organization who are subject to both In- Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing as part of the IPC’s or that International Federation’s or Organization’s test distribution plan. The IPC shall publish a list which identifies those Athletes included in its Registered Testing Pool either by name or by clearly defined, specific criteria.

Result
The information obtained from a Doping Control test.

Sample
Any biological material collected for the purposes of Doping Control. [Comment: It has sometimes been claimed that the collection of blood Samples violates the tenets of certain religious or cultural groups. It has been determined that there is no basis for any such claim.]

Sanctioned or Recognized Event
An Event that meets the appropriate organizational and technical requirements of the IPC.

Substantial Assistance
For purposes of Article 10.5.3, a Person providing Substantial Assistance must: (1) fully disclose in a signed written statement all information he or she possesses in relation to Anti-Doping Rule Violations, and (2) fully co-operate with the investigation and adjudication of any case related to that information, including, for example, presenting testimony at a hearing if requested to do so by an Anti-Doping Organization or hearing body. Further, the information provided must be credible and must comprise an important part of any case which is initiated or, if no case is initiated, must have provided a sufficient basis on which a case could have been brought.

Tampering
Altering for an improper purpose or in an improper way; bringing improper influence to bear; interfering improperly; obstructing, misleading or engaging in any fraudulent conduct to alter Results or prevent normal procedures from occurring; or providing fraudulent information to an Anti-Doping Organization.

Target Testing
Selection of Athletes for Testing where specific Athletes or groups of Athletes are selected on a nonrandom basis for Testing at a specified time.

Team
Team is a combination of Participants playing as one entity in a Sport. The definition of Team includes, not only those of Team Sports but also double, pair, relay, crew, horse and rider and visually impaired Athlete with guide and/or pilot.

Team Sport
A Sport in which the substitution of players is permitted during an Event.

Testing
The parts of the Doping Control process involving test distribution planning, Sample collection, Sample handling, and Sample transport to the laboratory.

Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)
An exemption to use, for therapeutic purposes, substances on the WADC Prohibited List.

Trafficking
Selling, giving, transporting, sending, delivering or distributing a Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method (either physically or by any electronic or other means) by an Athlete, Athlete Support Personnel or any other Person subject to the jurisdiction of an Anti- Doping Organization to any third party; provided, however, this definition shall not include the actions of bona fide medical personnel involving a Prohibited Substance used for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes or other acceptable justification, and shall not include actions involving Prohibited Substances which are not prohibited in Out-of-Competition Testing unless the circumstances as a whole demonstrate such Prohibited Substances are not intended for genuine and legal therapeutic purposes.

UNESCO Convention
The International Convention against Doping in Sport adopted by the 33rd session of the UNESCO General Conference on 19 October, 2005 including any and all amendments adopted by the States Parties to the Convention and the Conference of Parties to the International Convention against Doping in Sport.

Use
The utilization, application, ingestion, injection or consumption by any means whatsoever of any Prohibited Substance or Prohibited Method.

WADA
The World Anti-Doping Agency.

WADC
The World Anti-Doping Code.